What are the advantages and disadvantages of independence in Education Essay

What are the advantages and disadvantages of independence in Education - Essay Example On the other hand, the study of Raban (2001, 34) showed that â€Å"along with the cognitive growth, social opportunities influence learning; indeed, learners of all ages are more motivated when they can see the usefulness of what they are learning and when they can use that information to do something that has an impact on others†. It should be noticed however that the personal development of children (or adults) participating in a specific educational site is not an easy task. In fact there are many issues that need to be considered both by the legislators and the schools’ administrators regarding the presentation of appropriate patterns to children and adults that participate in specific educational programs. An issue that usually arises in this context is the role of ‘independence’ in education and its possible influence in the cognitive development of children and adults. Current paper examines the issue of ‘independence’ (especially its ad vantages and disadvantages) as it can be observed in educational sites around the world referring indicatively in certain forms or types of ‘independence’ as they have been identified and evaluated by academic researchers in the particular sector. Relevant results of empirical researches made in this area – whenever their retrieval was possible – are also going to be presented in order to support the credibility of the assumptions made on the particular issue. In order to examine the issue of independence in education we should primarily refer to the role of participants in educational sites regarding the delivery of the curriculum and the cognitive approaches developed in these sites in general. The involvement of personal attitudes and of the human factor has been found to be crucial for the formulation of an appropriate strategy by the school administrators when communicating with learners. Regarding this issue, it is noticed by Skrtic et al. (1991)

SDLC methodology for designing a system Essay Example for Free

SDLC methodology for designing a system Essay The primary objective is to evaluate the SDLC methodology for designing a system. Prior to building a system, a set of methodology is essential in keeping the process kicking in right force so that it adheres to entire coverage and successful completion of tasks. It demands professional approach in planning, building and operating a system. SDLC methodology which encompasses several techniques in making the system travel smooth, processing the various steps required in putting together a system successfully. The spiral model which is a flavor of SDLC techniques corresponds in designing a system where business requirements are volatile in nature and communication with external entities is a priority. The spiral model would take into account all the primary steps in building a deliverable every time it completes a circle. Once it is finished with the planning and analysis phase the risk analysis task is taken in the picture. It is followed by engineering, construction and release, customer evaluation and finally customer communication. Once a cycle is covered, it results in a deliverable which is further processed upon customer communication and feedback. The SWOT analysis of the spiral model would contemplate the coverage of whether it can be taken up as a viable option in designing a system. The following is the analysis: Â · Strengths: The business environments are seldom volatile in nature where the requirements are ever changing and are adding every moment to expand their scope and stay competitive in the market. The spiral model would make sure that the proposed system is prone to changes. It provides enough mechanism to take into account the changes in the customers’ environment and act accordingly. Unlike other SDLC methods where the business requirements are completely taken as standstill when taking into account the building of the system. Unlike the waterfall model where the design stages are non-reversible in nature, once the stage is surpassed it cannot be revisited again. Â · Weaknesses: The weaknesses of the spiral model are that it is quite expensive in nature as every deployment is revisited with the spiral cycle once it receives a customer communication and feedback. It demands quite risk assessment expertise. The time taken to build the complete system is considerable high as for every new requirement is cycled all through from planning to implementation. The consumption of resources is substantially large as all the developmental stages are followed for creating a version of the system in every cycle. Â · Opportunities: The opportunities of using the spiral model are relatively high in comparison to the other models in use. The business external environment is fast changing to the requirements and enveloping newer challenges to analyze their market and take risks to prosper. In this situation having a flexible system development strategy would make it easy to design and build a system susceptible to frequent changes with changing business requirements. Taking into account the other methods available in the market, the spiral model would stand out in the crowd. Â · Threats: The other prototyping methods like RAD and Incremental methods of SDLC pose a threat to spiral method. The incremental approach is quite complex in operation but its flexibility is quite high in solving discrepancies. The RAD methodology is quite popular in SDLC but is not prone to taking the frequent changes into consideration which is a drawback.

Steven Coveys The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Essay -- Stephe

Steven Covey's The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People In the book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Steven Covey, lessons for personal change are presented in a very powerful and understandable way. The Habits can be applied to our own lives, our leadership of other people, a school or any other organization that can be run more effectively. However, before an application of these Habits can be made, a basic understanding of the material presented in the book must be obtained. Comparison with other leadership styles and theories can also clarify and reinforce this understanding as well. Finally, application can be made to a particular setting, a school. Where a person or organization falls on a continuum from immaturity to maturity or from dependence to independence to interdependence is a key to determining its effectiveness. In developing effectiveness then a movement toward interdependence (maturity) must be made. This is similar to the Immaturity-Maturity Theory proposed by Argyris (Hersey 73-76). As we move along a continuum from immaturity to maturity, we become more independent, active, self-aware and in control of our own lives. This movement requires a change in our habits and change is usually difficult. If we are to become more effective people or increase the effectiveness of the organization we are a part of we must accept the reality of, â€Å"No pain, no gain.† In order to facilitate the change process, Covey suggests that a focus on the character ethic is important. Many people today, in contrast, focus on the personality ethic. They focus on skills and techniques and their public image in dealing with people. They do what they have to do to look good in the public eye but often ... ...ion, educational leaders are going to need to continue to work on changing the current paradigms of public education. The entire idea behind the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is that we must start where we are with who we are to become self-aware. Self-awareness, imagination, conscience and independent will allow us to creatively encounter our daily lives, situations, or others and effectively affect our lives. By taking control of our own lives and responding positively we can grow as people and live happier lives. Works Cited Covey, Stephen R. (1989). The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change. New York, New York: Fireside. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K., & Johnson, D. (1996). Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Knowledge Value Chain

The model consists of knowledge infrastructure (knowledge worker acquirement, knowledge storage capacity, customer/supplier relationship and COOK and management), the process of KM (knowledge acquisition, knowledge innovation, knowledge protection, knowledge integration, and knowledge dissemination), and the interaction among those components resulting in knowledge performance. Further to the discussion of knowledge value chain (C.V.), the following viewpoint was proposed: KM guides the way a corporation performs individual knowledge activities and organizes its entire C.V..It was suggested that competitive advantage grows out of he way corporations organize and perform discrete activities in knowledge value chain which should be measured by the core competence of corporation. This article also provides a cross-reference for e-commerce researchers and practitioners. Knowledge and knowledge management Knowledge vs. information Knowledge refers to an observer's distinction of ‘ à ¢â‚¬Ëœobjects† through which he brings forth from the background of experience a coherent and self-consistent set of coordinated actions (Selene, 1987).Through the process of distinction, individual pieces of data and information become connected with one another in a network of elation. Knowledge then is contained in the overall organizational pattern of the network and not in any of the components. Knowledge is more than information. Information is data organized into meaningful patterns. Information is transformed into knowledge when a person reads, understands, interprets, and applies the information to a specific work function. Knowledge becomes visible when experienced persons put into practice lessons learned over time.One person's knowledge can be another person's information. If a person cannot understand and apply the information to anything, it remains Just information. However, another individual can take that same information, understand it and interpret it in the context of previous experience, and apply the newly acquired knowledge to make business decisions or redefine a laboratory procedure. Yet a third person may take the same pieces of information, and through his unique personal experiences or lessons learned, apply knowledge in ways that the second person may never have even considered.Information is a component part but not the whole of knowledge (Michael, 1982). Knowledge itself is a much more all-encompassing term that incorporates the concept of beliefs based on information (Dressed, 1981). It also depends on the commitment and understanding of the individual holding these beliefs, which are affected by people's interaction and the development of judgment, behavior and attitude (Berger and Lackawanna, 1967). Journal of Management Development, Volvo. 19 NO. 9, 2000, up. 783-793. MAC university press, 0262-1711 Journal of Management Development 19,9 784 Tacit vs. explicit Tacit knowledge is that knowledge which cannot be explicated fully even by an expert and can be transferred from one person to another only through a long process of apprenticeship (Poland, 1962). Payola's famous dictum, ‘We know more than we can ell†, points to the phenomenon in which much that constitutes human skill remains unarticulated and known only to the person who has that skill. Tacit knowledge is the skills and ‘know-how† we have inside each of us that cannot be easily shared (Limit, 1999).In fact, both of the definitions have the same meaning. In contrast, explicit knowledge is relatively easily to articulate and communicate and, thus, transfer between individuals and organizations. Explicit knowledge resides in formulae, textbooks, or technical documents. Analogous to the tacit and explicit dichotomy, Goff (1989) sakes a distinction between embodied or action-centered, skills and intellective skills. Action-centered skills are developed through actual performance (learning by doing).In contrast, intellect ive skills combine abstraction, explicit reference, and procedural reasoning, which makes them easily representatives as symbols and, therefore, easily transferable. The conceptual distinction between tacit and explicit knowledge also appears in Reed et al. ‘s (1996) discussion of causally ambiguous competencies. They describe tactics as residing in the inability of even a skilled individual to spell out explicitly the session rules and protocols that form the basis of performance. Obduracy (1991) conceives of tacit knowledge as existing in individuals or groups of individuals.He refers to such knowledge in individuals and social groups as embedded knowledge. Similar distinctions between explicit and largely tacit knowledge in organizations have been made by Scribner's (1986), Monika (1988), Huddled (1994), and Bonn (1994). Explicit knowledge is the knowledge that can be easily captured artificially through manuals and standard operations, and then shared with others either th rough Hough courses or through books for slandering. In an organization, tangible knowledge takes the form of Job procedures as well as the company's philosophy and strategy.Knowledge management Information is becoming ever more important in our economy, and most corporations see that knowledge can confer competitive advantage. But corporations are already flooded with information, and most of us have more of it than we can handle. Knowledge management (KM) tries to resolve the troublesome paradox (Anthem, 1998). A common definition of KM is: ‘The collection of processes that govern the creation, assimilation and leveraging of knowledge to fulfill organizational objectives†.KM is an emerging set of organizational design and operational principles, processes, organizational structures, applications and technologies that helps knowledge workers dramatically leverage their creativity and ability to deliver business value. In fact, KM is about people and the processes they u se to share information and build knowledge (Hanley, 1999). Marshall (1997) considered that KM refers to the harnessing of ‘ ‘intellectual capital† within an organization.KM theory discusses accessing and using all information within an institution, enabling individuals to apply pertinent information to what they already know, in order to create knowledge. The theory recognizes that knowledge, not simply information, is the greatest asset to an institution. It includes the strategies and processes for identifying, capturing, sharing, and leveraging the knowledge required to survive and compete successfully into the twenty-first century (Gatchis, 1999). KM focuses on ‘doing the right thing† instead of ‘ ‘doing things right†.In our thinking, KM is a framework within which the organization views all its processes as knowledge processes. Knowledge value chain model Differences among competitor value chains are a key source of competitive a dvantage. In competitive terms, value is the amount customers are willing to pay for what a corporation provides them. Value is measured by total revenue, a reflection of the price a corporation's product commands and the units it can sell. A firm is profitable if the value it commands exceeds the costs involved in creating the product (Porter, 1985).Creating value for customers that exceeds the cost of doing so is the goal of any competitive strategy. Value, instead of cost, must be used in analyzing nominative position since corporations often deliberately raise their cost in order to command a premium price via differentiation. Employing Porter's value chain analysis approach, we developed a knowledge value chain model. Knowledge value chain consists of KM infrastructure and the KM process's activities and knowledge performance. These infrastructure components and activities are the building blocks by which a corporation creates a product or provides service valuable to its custo mers.Knowledge performance can be measured in two categories (van Burden, 1999). One is financial performance. However, financial assessments such as ROI are particularly difficult to make for KM activities. The other is non-financial measures including operating performance outcomes and direct measures of learning. Examples of operating performance measures include lead times, customer satisfaction, and employee productivity. Learning measures include such items as the number of participants in communities of practice, employees trained, and customers affected by the use of knowledge.All the non-financial measures can be regarded as the reflection of core competence of corporation. The KM process's activities are listed along the bottom of Figure 1 . In any corporation, the KM process can be divided into the five categories shown in Figure 1. KM infrastructure supports the KM process activities. The dotted lines reflect the fact that customer/supplier relationship, knowledge storag e capacity, and knowledge worker recruitment can be associated with 785 786 Figure 1. Model specific KM process activities as well as support the entire chain.COOK and management are not associated with particular KM process activities but support the entire chain. Components of KM infrastructure Knowledge worker recruitment The term knowledge worker refers to the worker who possesses competencies, knowledge, and skills in the organization such as computer engineers, accountants, etc. If a person leaves the organization, their knowledge goes with them. Knowledge is acquirable and renewable. It is the source of innovation and creativity. This is the traditional focus of many training and education programs.In the knowledge economy, knowledge permeates through everything important Ð’Â ± people, products organizations. There have always been people who worked with their minds rather than their hands. In knowledge era, these are the majority of the workforce. Already, almost 60 per cent of American workers are knowledge workers. Recruiting knowledge workers in organizations is a key activity in the long term. Knowledge storage capacity Knowledge storage capacity is organizational memory and capabilities for people to store and reuse information and knowledge.It involves the organization's routine operations and structures that support employees' quests for optimum intellectual performance and, therefore, overall business performance. An individual can have a high level of knowledge, but if the organization has poor systems and procedures by which to track his or her actions, the overall knowledge resource will not reach its fullest potential. Knowledge storage capacity is owned by the organization. It is retained by the organization when employees leave. There exist two organizational structures, formal and informal.In formal organizations, people easily access explicit knowledge. Informal organizations are rich in tacit knowledge, which usually is the source of innovation. It is difficult to articulate in writing and is acquired through personal experience. It is shared by intensive face-to-face communication. To keep the costs of knowledge transfer low, angers try to turn inherently tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. There are different approaches to implement KM, it depends on what kind of knowledge your people rely on to solve problem.When employees rely on explicit knowledge to do their work, the people-documents approach makes the most sense. When people use tacit knowledge most often to solve problems, the person-to-person approach works best. Customer/supplier relationship Customer/supplier relationship refers to the organization's relationships with its customers/suppliers. It might include customer/supplier loyalty for services or reduces, the purchasing/sale patterns of different customer/supplier groups, customer/supplier service reputation, warranties and undertakings by customer/ supplier, and database for customer/su pplier.The relationship between a corporation and its suppliers is very important and can be regarded as a intangible and agile asset of the corporation. It enables corporation to meet the needs of customers at a lower cost. Owning more stable and closer relationship with suppliers than its competitors means that the corporation has gained a superior competitive position over its competitors. In other words, the applier relationship is mainly for cost control purposes. Understanding better than anyone else what customers want in a product or a service is what makes someone a business leader as opposed to a follower.Turning knowledge into new customized products and services will maximize a corporation's market value. COOK and management As a corporation undertakes a KM program, the position of chief knowledge officer (COOK) is emerging to coordinate the KM infrastructure components and KM activities. The COOK is entrusted with the role of transforming intellectual property into a bu siness value. In other words, The COOK is responsible for the overall knowledge assets of a company and for defining the area in which the knowledge capabilities of the organization should evolve, based on its ongoing mission and vision.The COOK has the ultimate corporation-wide responsibility for the controlled vocabulary and knowledge directory and tackles the difficult issues associated with cross-department or cross-corporation processes that have unique knowledge-sharing requirements. The COOK also is responsible for ensuring that an appropriate technology infrastructure is in place for effective KM. The COOK has two principle design competencies: He is a technologist or environmentalist. Breadth of career experience, familiarity with his organization, and infectious enthusiasm for his mission are characteristic of the COOK. 87 788 In this research, both the COOK and management can be considered as support not only for the other three infrastructure components, but also for the entire process of Process of knowledge management As noted in Figure 1, the process of KM consists of five activities Ð’Â ± knowledge acquisition, integration, innovation, protection, and dissemination. Knowledge acquisition In order to do something we need to track down and analyze all the information and explicit knowledge that is available.This will lead to beginning the process of knowledge acquisition via knowledge management infrastructure. We will discuss two processes through which organizations acquire information or knowledge: searching and organizational learning. Organizational information acquisition through searching can be viewed as occurring in three forms (Huber, 1991): (1) scanning; (2) focused search; and (3) performance monitoring. Scanning refers to the relatively wide-ranging sensing of the organization's external environment.Focused searching occurs when organizational members or units actively search in a narrow segment of the organization's internal or external environment, often in response to actual or suspected problems or opportunities. Performance monitoring is used to mean both focused and withdrawing sensing of the organization's effectiveness in fulfilling its own practicalities goals or the requirements of stakeholders. Noticing is the unintended acquisition of information about the organization's external environment, internal conditions, or performance.Organizational learning plays a vital role in knowledge acquisition. The need for organizations to change continuously, which was emphasized by Trucker, has long been the central concern of organizational learning theorists. Just as with individuals, organizations must always confront novel aspects of their circumstances (Cohen, 1991). It is widely agreed that learning consists of two kinds of activity. The first kind of learning is obtaining know-how in order to solve specific problems based upon existing premises.The second kind of learning is establishing new premises (paradigms, schemata, mental models, or perspectives) to override the existing ones. These two kinds of learning have been referred to as ‘ ‘Learning l† and â€Å"Learning II† (Battens, 1972) or ‘single-loop learning† and ‘double-loop learning† (Argils and Chon, 1978). From our viewpoint, knowledge acquisition and knowledge innovation certainly involve interaction between these two kinds of learning, which forms a kind of dynamic spiral. Sense (1990) recognized that many organizations suffer from ‘learning disabilities†.To cure the diseases and enhance the organization's capacity to learn, he proposed the ‘ ‘learning organization† as a practical model. He argued that the learning organization has the capacity for both generative learning (I. E. Active) and adaptive learning (I. E. Passive) as the sustainable sources of competitive advantage. Knowledge innovation In a strict sense, knowledge is created onl y by individuals. An organization cannot create knowledge without individuals. The organization supports creative individuals or provides contexts for them to create knowledge.Organizational knowledge innovation, therefore, should be understood as a process that ‘ ‘organizationally† amplifies the knowledge created by individuals and crystallizes it as a part of the knowledge network of the organization. There are actually three levels of knowledge- creating entities including individual, group, and organization. On the other hand, the conversion of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge is a key process in creating new knowledge. A knowledge-innovation spiral emerges when the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge is elevated dynamically from a lower level knowledgeableness entity to higher levels.The assumption that knowledge is created through the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge leads to four different modes of knowledge conversion. The four modes actually are four realizations: (1) from tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge, which is called colonization; (2) from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge, or sterilization; (3) from explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge, or combination; and (4) from explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge, or naturalization. Knowledge protection Protection of knowledge is important because it protects creativity and the interests of knowledge-owners.In legal systems protection of knowledge means protection of Intellectual Property Rights (PR) such as copyrights and patents, which includes revision for a right of legal action against infringes of PR and provisions detailing persons or corporations empowered to authorize the commercial use of PR and allowing the owner of PR to charge fees for such commercial uses. In a sophisticated information technology (IT) system, knowledge will be protected by filename, by surname, by password, etc. So that knowledge can be reused when it receives a r equest and checks against the standard file-sharing users and group table to determine what rights the user has. In addition to legal and IT protection, corporations should contract with employees guarding confidential information and their tenure in case of they 789 790 leave, and should also develop other protocols and policy guidelines which recognize and promote rights of knowledge, and then implement them by staff awareness and education campaigns.Knowledge integration Latest advances of information technology can facilitate the processes such as acquiring and disseminating knowledge; however, the final burden is on people deciding how to translate this raw knowledge into actionable knowledge by means of an acute understanding of their business context. This is a internal knowledge integration process. Corporations have always had some process to synthesize their experience and integrate it with knowledge acquired from outside sources (e. G. Inventions, purchased patents).A cor poration acquires knowledge from years of experience in such things as manufacturing, sales, and service. This cumulative experience from different departments, together with information gathered from outside sources, can be integrated into the C.V. of the organization, which is a inter- sub-C.V. integration process, eventually being the base of KM infrastructure. Knowledge dissemination The most effective way to disseminate knowledge and best practice is through systematic transfer. That is, to create a knowledge-sharing environment.It is no coincidence that IT has blossomed at the same time that knowledge is becoming recognized as the most valuable of a corporation's assets. Explicit knowledge can be shared through an IT system. However, tacit knowledge is best shared through people. The more ‘valuable† the knowledge, the less sophisticated the technology that supports it. Dissemination of tacit knowledge is a social process. People must contribute knowledge to become part of a knowledge network. IT alone will not remove significant KM barriers.IT will not change people's behaviors, increase management's commitment, nor create a shared understanding of its strategy or its implementation. To show its commitment for sharing knowledge, an organization should foster the employee's willingness to share and contribute to the knowledge base. This may be the most difficult obstacle to overcome. Current performance and rewards systems exemplify an individual's personal achievement and rarely take into account an individual's contribution to or participation in formal collaboration efforts.Reward structures and performance metrics need to be created which benefit those individuals who contribute to and use a shared knowledge base. Those who excel at knowledge sharing should be recognized in public forums such as newsletters and e- mails. By effective communication, the knowledge disseminated flows to the acquirers who are searching for and learning knowled ge or information they need. Employees must be made to understand that the success and advancement in their career will be based on KM principles.KM skills must be seen to be as important to career advancement as continuing education and communication skills. C.V., business value chain, and competitive strategy As the value chain itself implies, each element of activity can create value and then all the value flows to the endpoint of the business value chain and Joins together, forming the overall value of business, which is usually expressed as a margin (see Figure 2). Probing deeply, we can find that the added value comes from the competence of element activity itself, which in turn comes from specific suburb of itself.For example, sub-C.V. in inbound logistics (IL) activity enables business to gain the inbound logistics competence, and then the added value follows. The same process occurs in other activities including operations (POP), outbound logistics (OLL), marketing and sale s (MS), and service (SE). Finally, all 791 Figure 2. Relationship between business value chain and C.V. 792 the sub-Kvass are integrated together into the whole C.V.. In the process of knowledge integration, the competence of knowledge infrastructure is gradually forming. In the end, corporation competence follows C.V..By analyzing the above, we might note that competence is after all the measurement of each sub-C.V.. That is the reason why we feel that the core competence of the corporation should be employed as the key non- uncial measure of knowledge performance. In the whole process of KM, the innovation activity fits the product differentiation strategy, which can enable corporation gains the competitive advantage, as mentioned before (see Figure 3), while reusing knowledge fits low cost strategy, by which competitive advantage gained again.In consulting corporations, it's Just like building with bricks: consultants reuse existing bricks while applying their skills to construct something new. The reuse of knowledge saves work, reduces communication costs, and allows a company to take on more projects. A case study of KM by Hansen et al. (1999) noted that, as a consequence, corporations such as Andersen Consulting and Ernst & Young have been able to grow at rates of 20 per cent or more in recent years. Ernst & Young worldwide consulting revenues, for example, increased from $1. Billion in 1995 to $2. 7 billion in 1997. Generally, managing knowledge assets should, like patents, trademarks and licenses, even add knowledge to the balance sheet. Conclusion and further discussion Knowledge is information plus causal links that help to make sense of this information. KM is a process that transforms information into knowledge. KM guides the way a corporation performs individual knowledge activities and organizes its entire knowledge value chain.It is suggested that competitive advantage grows out of the way corporations organize and perform discrete activities in the knowledge value chain, which should be measured by the core competence of the corporation. In the end, we would raise another assumption for further discussion, so that for KM to ‘ ‘open the black box† of a corporation and examine its intricate details. We assumed that the corporation should be treated more or less as a box of tricks reducing the predictable outputs of knowledge-based products and services from specific inputs of information or/and knowledge.

Leadership of General George S. Patton Essay

Leadership of General George S. Patton by Eugene V. Struzik III May 23, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to explore the different leadership styles that General George S. Patton Jr. used throughout his life, (November 11, 1885 until December 21, 1945). General Patton is often thought of as one of the most controversial generals in history. This paper will concentrate on events that happened in his life and how his determination, will and hard work helped him overcome and became a better leader. It is evident that in a review of the research General Patton was able to achieve many his success by determination and hard work to be the best in everything that he set his mind to accomplish. He was never happy, except when he was given the challenge of commanding men into battle. General Patton was a leader, a warrior and the most feared General by the Germans. General George S. Patton was a man who is often referred to as a great general, and leader of men who was equally just as controversial. His career in the Army was often a struggle for him to advance and receive the recognition that he deserved. This paper will cover the leadership styles of General Patton during the early, then during World War I. Next it will cover World War II and finally I will give my opinion on the subject. George S. Patton, who was sometime called Georgie, was an average child with the hopes and dreams of becoming a great military leader like his Grandfather, Great-Grandfather and many of his other relatives (Regan, 1960). He worked hard with his academic career to tried to get into West Point the United States Military Academy, but he was not accepted at first. Not deterred by this set back, he went to Virginia Military Institute (VMI) for a year (Reda, 2004). Even though he was going to VMI, he continued tirelessly to get accepted into West Point. Finally Patton was accepted into West Point, but he found it far more challenging then he imagined it would. The major reason that he had difficulty with the studies was because he was suffering from dyslexia, a disorder that caused everything to look backwards (Reda, 2004). Although faced with these difficulties, George never gave up, even when he was forced to repeat his plebe year, due to poor academic performance. However this failure to progress only strengthened his resolve and determination to better. In an effort of almost memorizing everything from his textbooks, he was able to achieve an appointed Cadet Adjutant. Another area that he had an interest in was sports. He encourage the introduction of sports into the school as a way for men to stay focused on studies as appose to getting in trouble (Regan, 1960). His efforts lead to the creation of the first football team and the fencing team. He felt that sport would help him and his classmate overcome the boredom of every day life at West point. In addition, it would help them overcome physical challenges through determination and it would teach them sportsmanship. In an amazing testament to hard work and preservation, George Patton graduated from West Point. Although he did not graduate at the top of his class, he was ranked number 46 out of 103, which is amazing considering the fact that he failed his first year in the Academy. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and assigned to the US Calvery. It was also during this time in Patton’s life that he would marry his beautiful and wealthy wife, Beatrice Ayer. Her father was not fond of her marring a military man, because he felt that this would keep his daughter far away from her family. In fact her father, Frederick Ayer, offered George a job in the family business if he would just resign his commission in the Army. However, that was not something that George Patton, was able to do. He was living his dream of being an officer in the United States Army. George’s determination and hard work would reach a high point when he participated in the 1912 Olympics. Although George was not a natural athlete, he simply did what he always did work twice as hard as everyone else in an effort to be better than everyone else. It was his will and his desire to be the best that propelled him into getting fifth place during the Olympics. This raw determination to achieve a goal and accomplish the task ahead would become his trademark. Once again George Patton’s determination and desire to excel paid off. Lieutenant Patton was able to get a position as an aide to General Blackjack Pershing during the Punitive Expedition. The interesting thing about this appointment was General Pershing was not taking people to his staff. In fact, it was a letter that Lieutenant Patton wrote to General Pershing requesting to be considered for an appointment to the General’s staff that gave George the opportunity of a lifetime. Here he would learn what it took to be a good Calvary Officer and he would make important contact that would serve him well in the future. This leads into the second main point of this paper, which is Patton emerging into a leader. It is 1917, and the United States has just declared war on Germany. Patton got another chance to serve under General Blackjack Pershing. Pershing gave Patton a promotion to the rank of Captain and appointed him the Tank commander for the American troops. This was not an easy task for Captain Patton, since he had to develop a training program, and tactics for the new technological advancement of the tank. This was Patton’s first leadership challenge that would set the tone for how he dealt with all of the other challenges in his life. He was the â€Å"first tank commander† (Reagan, 1960), with this job he took on the daunting task of creating the first Tank Command in Europe. â€Å"Patton single-handedly created the, the AEF Tank Training Center. He created the, the ideas, the tactics, the design, the uniforms, the procedures. Virtually, everything that was done came from Patton† (Reda, 2004). Patton realized the need for training and the benefit that he would get on the battle field. Drawing from his own experience, Patton viewed the tank as the calvary of the future. It would be during this First World War that he would develop many of his leadership skills. As was pointed out by Captain VonShell, â€Å"Instill a sense of security in the men, by so doing you will help them overcome their fears† (1933, p. 17). Patton exemplified this behavior, by being the first person to ride on a tank for in combat even though there was machine gun fire raining down on him (Reda,

Learning Object Oriented Programming With Delphi

Learning Object Oriented Programming With Delphi Online Delphi OOP Course submitted by John Barrow Part 1 Introduction to OO basics Chapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3 Part 2 Introduction to class inheritance Chapter 4Chapter 5 Part 3 Programmer defined classes and objects Chapter 6Chapter 7 Part 4 Accessing an object and its data Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10 Part 5 The Sender parameter and substitution Chapter 11 Part 6 Introducing type inheritance Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14 Part 7 Using and abusing inheritance Chapter 15Chapter 16 Part 8 Indirection Chapter 17Chapter 18 Part 9 Association Composition Chapter 19 Chapter 20Chapter 21 Part 10 Two Patterns Using Composition Chapter 22Chapter 23 Part 11 Some Patterns for varying behaviour Chapter 24 Part 12 Bidirectional links, Callbacks and Linking Classes Chapter 25 Part 13 Factory Patterns Chapter 26 Part 14 A Decorator Chapter 27

Why the Articles of Confederation Failed

Why the Articles of Confederation Failed The Articles of Confederation established the first governmental structure unifying the 13 colonies that had fought in the American Revolution. In effect, this document created the structure for the confederation of these newly minted 13 states. After many attempts by several delegates to the Continental Congress, a draft by John Dickinson of Pennsylvania was the basis for the final document, which was adopted in 1777. The Articles went into effect on March 1, 1781, after all, 13 states had ratified them. The Articles of Confederation lasted until March 4, 1789, when they were replaced by the U.S. Constitution. So, why did the Articles of Confederation fail after just eight years? In response to widespread antipathy toward a strong central government, the Articles of Confederation kept national government weak and allowed for the states to be as independent as possible. But almost soon as the Articles took effect, problems with this approach became apparent.   Strong States, Weak Central Government The purpose of the Articles of Confederation was to create a confederation of states whereby each state retained its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right... not... expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled.   Every state was as independent as possible within the central government of the United States, which was only responsible for the common defense, the security of liberties, and the general welfare. Congress could make treaties with foreign nations, declare war, maintain an army and navy, establish a postal service, manage Native American affairs, and coin money. But Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. Because of widespread fear of a strong central government at the time they were written and strong loyalties among Americans to their own state as opposed to any national government during the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation purposely kept the national government as weak as possible and the states as independent as possible. However, this led to many of the problems that became apparent once the Articles took effect.   Achievements Despite their significant weaknesses, under the Articles of Confederation the new United States won the American Revolution against the British and secured its independence; successfully negotiated an end to the Revolutionary War with the Treaty of Paris in 1783; and established the national departments of foreign affairs, war, marine, and treasury.  The Continental Congress also made a treaty with France in 1778, after the Articles of Confederation had been adopted by the Congress but before they had been ratified by all the states. Weaknesses The weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation would quickly lead to problems that the Founding Fathers realized would not be fixable under the current form of government. Many of these issues were brought up during the Annapolis convention of 1786. These included the following:   Each state only had one vote in Congress, regardless of size.Congress did not have the power to tax.Congress did not have the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce.There was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress.There was no national court system or judicial branch.Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote.Laws required a 9/13 majority to pass in Congress.States could levy tariffs on other states goods. Under the Articles of Confederation, each state viewed its own sovereignty and power as paramount to the national good. This led to frequent arguments between the states. In addition, the states would not willingly give money to financially support the national government. The national government was powerless to enforce any acts that Congress passed. Further, some states began to make separate agreements with foreign governments. Almost every state had its own military, called a militia. Each state printed its own money. This, along with issues with trade, meant that there was no stable national economy.   In 1786, Shays Rebellion occurred in western Massachusetts as a protest against rising debt and economic chaos. However, the national government was unable to gather a combined military force among the states to help put down the rebellion, making clear a serious weakness in the structure of the Articles of Confederation. Gathering of the Philadelphia Convention As the economic and military weaknesses became apparent, especially after Shays Rebellion, Americans began asking for changes to the Articles. Their hope was to create a stronger national government. Initially, some states met to deal with their trade and economic problems together. However, as more states became interested in changing the Articles, and as national feeling strengthened, a meeting was set in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787. This became the Constitutional Convention. It was quickly realized that changes would not work, and instead, the entire Articles of Confederation needed to be replaced with a new U.S. Constitution that would dictate the structure of the national government.

Biography of Beryl Markham, Aviation Pioneer

Biography of Beryl Markham, Aviation Pioneer Beryl Markham (born Beryl Clutterbuck; October 26, 1902 – August 3, 1986) was a British-Kenyan aviator, writer, and horse trainer. Although she worked in several different fields, she is best known for being the first woman to fly non-stop across the Atlantic Ocean from east to west. She wrote her own memoir, West with the Night, and was the subject of a best-selling novel. Fast Facts: Beryl Markham Full Name:  Beryl Clutterbuck MarkhamOccupation: Aviator and writerBorn: October 26, 1902 in Ashwell, Rutland, EnglandDied: August 3, 1986 in Nairobi, KenyaKey Accomplishments: The first woman to make a non-stop transatlantic flight from east to west and the author of the memoir West with the Night.Spouses Names: Jock Purves (m. 1919-1925), Mansfield Markham  (m. 1927–1942), Raoul Schumacher  (m. 1942–1960)Childs Name: Gervase Markham Early Life At age four, young Beryl moved to British East Africa (modern-day Kenya) with her father, Charles Clutterbuck. Beryl’s mother, Clara, did not join them, and neither did Beryls older brother Richard. As a child, Beryls education was spotty at best. She instead spent considerable time hunting and playing with local children. For a while, Beryl was happy. Her father Charles started a horse racing farm, and Beryl took to horse training immediately, establishing herself as a trainer in her own right by the time she was only seventeen. When Beryl was a teenager, however, her father fell on hard times. Charles lost his fortune and fled from Kenya to Peru, leaving Beryl behind. Never one to be down for long, Beryl took her career into her own hands. In 1920, at the age of eighteen, she became the first woman in Kenya to receive a racehorse trainer’s license. Romantic and Royal Entanglements As a young woman, Beryl was the subject of much attention. She married Captain Jock Purves at age seventeen, but the couple divorced soon after. In 1926, she married the wealthy Mansfield Markham, from whom she took the surname that she used for the rest of her life. Mansfield and Beryl had one son together: Gervase Markham. Beryl went on to have a complicated, often cold relationship with her son for most of her life. Beryl was often in the company of the â€Å"Happy Valley Set,† a group of mostly English, mostly wealthy adventurers who settled in Africa (specifically in the area that is Kenya and Uganda today). This group was notorious for its decadent lifestyle, reportedly indulging in drugs, sexual promiscuity, and extravagance. Although she was not wealthy or titled enough to truly be part of the group, Beryl spent time with many of its members and was influenced by their lifestyles. In 1929, Beryl’s affair with Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (the third son of King George V) became public. There were also rumors that she had been romantically entangled with his older brother Edward, who was an infamous playboy. (Perhaps these rumors about Edward and Beryl were an indicator of things to come: Edward’s proclivity for scandalous romances would eventually result in a succession crisis in the United Kingdom, when he chose to abdicate his throne to marry American divorcee Wallis Simpson.) Even though Henry was only a third son, the British royal family disapproved, and although the reason for Beryl and Henrys eventual parting was never known, it was widely believed that his family had split them up. Beryl earned a reputation for many affairs, which she typically ended when she tired of them. She reportedly treated her friends the same way. She may have had affairs with princes, but the great love of Beryl’s life was only minor nobility. Denys Finch Hatton, the second son of an English earl, was a big game hunter and daring pilot who came to Africa following World War I. Fifteen years Beryl’s senior, he had also had a long-term romance with Beryl’s friend and mentor Karen Blixen, who wrote the famous book Out of Africa about herself and Denys. As Karen and Denys’s affair hit a slow patch in 1930, he and Beryl fell into an affair of their own. In May 1931, he invited her to come along on a flying tour, knowing her burgeoning interest in flight, but she declined when her friend and flight teacher Tom Campbell Black urged her not to go, out of some unsettling instinct. Campbell Black’s advice proved life-saving: Denys’s plane crashed minutes after takeoff, killing him at the age of 44. Flight Career Following Denys’ death, Beryl pushed herself even harder in her flying lessons. She worked as a rescue pilot and a bush pilot, scouting out game and signaling their locations to safaris on the ground. It was in this capacity that she encountered more notable names, including Ernest Hemingway, who would later praise her memoir but insult her personally because she wouldn’t have an affair with him while he was on safari in Kenya. Beryl’s crowning achievement was her transatlantic flight in September 1936. Before then, no woman had ever flown a non-stop flight from Europe to North America nor flown it solo. She departed from the English coast and, despite serious fuel problems towards the end of her journey, made it to Nova Scotia. Upon achieving this dream, she was celebrated as a pioneer in the world of flight. In the 1930s, Beryl relocated to California, where she met and married her third husband, the writer Raoul Schumacher. She wrote a memoir, West with the Night, during her time in the United States. While the memoir was not a bestseller, it was well-received for its compelling narrative and writing style, as evidenced in passages like this one: We fly, but we have not conquered the air. Nature presides in all her dignity, permitting us the study and the use of such of her forces as we may understand. It is when we presume to intimacy, having been granted only tolerance, that the harsh stick fall across our impudent knuckles and we rub the pain, staring upward, startled by our ignorance. West with the Night ultimately went out of print and into obscurity, where it languished for decades until it was rediscovered in the early 1980s. Controversy has persisted to this day about whether or not Beryl actually wrote the book herself or whether it was partially or completely ghostwritten by her husband. Experts on both sides of the debate have presented compelling evidence, and it seems likely that the mystery will remain forever unsolved. Later Life and Public Legacy Eventually, Beryl returned to Kenya, which she considered her real home. By the early 1950s, she had re-established herself as a prominent horse trainer, although she still struggled financially. She slid into obscurity until 1983, when West with the Night was re-released and a journalist from the Associated Press tracked her down. By then, she was elderly and impoverished, but the publicity and sales around the book’s re-release was enough to raise her back to a comfortable lifestyle until she died in Nairobi at the age of 83 in 1986. Beryl’s life sounded more like the stuff of adventurous (and mostly male) aviators than of a lady of her time, and as a result, she was the subject of endless fascination. Although her scandalous and sometimes callous romantic behavior garnered a lot of attention, her record-setting flight would always be her legacy. When Karen Blixen (using the pen name Isak Dinesen) wrote Out of Africa, Beryl did not appear by name, but an avatar of her- a rough-around-the-edges horse rider named Felicity- did appear in the film adaptation. She has been the subject of multiple biographies, as well as Paula McLain’s 2015 bestselling fictional novel Circling The Sun. A complicated woman with a nearly unbelievable life, Beryl Markham continues to fascinate audiences to this day. Sources â€Å"Beryl Markham: British Author and Aviator.† Encylopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Beryl-Markham.Lovell, Mary S.,  Straight on Till Morning, New York, St. Martins Press, 1987Markham, Beryl.  West with the Night. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1983Trzebinski, Errol.  The Lives of Beryl Markham.  New York, W.W. Norton, 1993.

Farming in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Farming in the United States - Research Paper Example An American farmer today feeds about 155 people worldwide through agricultural exports, an incredible increase in efficiency from his ability to feed only about 26 people back in 1960 (Center for Food Integrity 1) on the same land. However, there are obvious limits to what farming in the United States of America can do. As the country’s population grows, which now number about 313 million and then still growing fast due to immigration, there is pressure on the environment to produce more food. There is always the question about how the Malthusian theory plays out if this trend continues when population growth will have outpaced agricultural production growth. In other words, a reality check can happen anytime soon but Man always found ingenious ways to produce more food as the population keeps growing. An example was the introduction of mechanized farming which greatly increased industrial food production, followed a few decades later on by the so-called Green Revolution which increased crop yields and brought prices down, saving at least a billion people worldwide from hunger, malnutrition, and death by preventing famines. American farming is now on the brink of another technological revolution which w ill again increase food crop production to feed a growing global population using GMO crops. GMO crops are alternatively termed as biotech crops because these are plants whose DNA has been modified using genetic engineering. GMO means genetically modified organism which can refer to both plants and animals. It refers to any living organism from the simplest life forms such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast to go up higher to include successively complex organisms such as insects, birds, fishes, and mammals. Plants are GMOs because these are living organisms whose genetic material contains a novel combination using modern biotechnology techniques to improve a trait or obtain superior strains of a plant species. GMO are

How is the internet and social media changing the way we learn in work Coursework

How is the internet and social media changing the way we learn in work place - Coursework Example The advent of internet and social media has drastically changed the way we interact with people and the way we gather information. The gradual rise of internet usage has made it easier for us to have access to critical information, which otherwise would take much longer to gather (Vitez, 2015). The internet and social media has also influenced our work culture and workplace learning. The research question pertaining to this research work is stated below. The aims and objectives concerning this research work are to unearth the influence of internet and social media on work place learning. This research work also try and find out the determining factors behind the changing trend of organizational behaviour under the influence of internet and social media along with the future trends of the work culture relating to internet and social media. It will also find out how the employees respond to the changing trend of learning in work place and whether or not there are any changes that need to be made within the organizational practices. The aims also include providing a generic recommendation for the firms on how to redirect the usage of internet and social media in favour of the organization and its employees. According to the reports of Internet World Stats (2015), the global internet usage has increased drastically over the last decade. This as a result has changed the way people used to access information and connect to peers. The way we interact with others has also been influenced largely by the advent of the internet and social media. It has virtually reduced the distance between people and has made the world a more open place. These evolutions in technology have also influenced the way we work. Internet has drastically changed the organizational policies and the way the activities are conducted. According to (Manyika and Charles Roxburgh, 2011), the internet is widely used among almost all the

How one of the exhibit of California Academy of science relates to Essay

How one of the exhibit of California Academy of science relates to anthropology - Essay Example s very crowded as this is the place, which provides great entertainment to the whole family, as well as, great source of information regarding different things. The subjects of the exhibits range from nature to science. As there are many interesting exhibits, I visited the academy’s most popular past Earthquake exhibit, which was an amazing and immersive experience. It will not be incorrect to state that the exhibit was greatly related to anthropology (Jurmain, Kilgore and Trevathan). There were a number of art pieces that allowed the visitors to understand the anthropology of the region. In addition, some of the pieces included the walking earth, which reflected upon the message of human’s treatment of planet earth, and the reaction that the earth undertakes, as a result, such as earthquake. The most interesting dimension of the exhibit was the window view of Victorian era, which shows the visitors about impact that the earthquake had on the environment. There was a list of precautions that was provided in the ancient times in order to survive the earthquake. Thus, in such a way, the visitors can actually become aware of feelings and experiences of ancient era dividing time duration between the two earthquakes (calacademy.org). The Earthquake exhibit let me experience the continuous tremor of the city’s two major earthquakes by traveling back in the time when earthquakes hit the San Francisco and Loma Prieta. In 1906 great earthquake, which was noted 7.9-magnitude on the rector scale, wrecked San Francisco and the many aftershocks also struck the city after that earthquake. This Earthquake was the worst natural disaster of that century in the California’s history. Similarly, the Loma Prieta earthquake, which is normally known as Quake of ‘89 struck the San Francisco Bay Area, was also a big disaster for the city. The 6.9 magnitude on the rector scale earthquake was noted in the Loma Prietsa (Prentice). It should be noted that the major aim of the

Two and a Half Men Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Two and a Half Men Analysis - Assignment Example It provides the perfect opportunity to study two opposite forms of modern masculinity. â€Å"Literature on gender and hegemonic masculinity frames this research project, offering both a historical perspective and a critical understanding of media representations. I argue that the performances of hegemonic and subordinated masculinity on Two and a Half Men reconstruct and reinforce the dominance of hegemonic masculinity within our society as the only acceptable performance of manhood. Effeminate masculinity, an alternative masculinity, fails to find legitimate cultural articulation within the show.† â€Å"In an important sense there is only one complete unblushing male in America: a young, married, white, urban, northern, heterosexual, Protestant, father, of college education, fully employed, of good complexion, weight, and height, and a recent record in sports†¦ Any male who fails to qualify in any one of these ways is likely to view himself–during moments at leas t– as unworthy, incomplete and inferior† (Sex and Gender, nd). If this then is what our society expects from the â€Å"perfect† man and the main character Charlie Harper has literally none of these other than white fully employed and good looking, could we assume that these then are the historical attributes alone that attract us and especially female viewers to him? Technical Perspective The technical aspect of media may be summed in Lasswell’s model. According to Lassswell, this aspect encompasses who says what, to whom it is being said and effect it that the â€Å"saying† has (Aect, 2011). Two and a Half Men as a comedy has been starred by John Cryer, Jones Angus and Charlie Sheen, individuals who have proven beyond doubt to the audience that they are capable of... Two and a Half Men has been a captivating hit since it started gracing the airwaves in 2003. The program basically compares the character of one individual in the show with the same character in his real life. The story portrays a family that is clearly dysfunctional from every point of standing and yet one that has remained a story of great interest to an audience consisting of people across different ages and gender. Two and a Half Men has interested various people, age and gender being no barrier, there are various elements that have led to this captivation as can be seen based on the various perspectives discussed above. This is an amazing thing with Kutcher replacing Charlie Sheen because now we will know so much about ourselves. Did we watch the show primarily because Charlie Sheen was the lead or did we watch the show because we deep down expect the male role to be that of a hard drinking women getting misogynist who contrasts the respectable but boring brother. We will find out if the show was drawing audiences with the clichà © of the dumb child and cold aloof mother or whether or not the world finds the dysfunctioning of someone else’s family is like that train wreck we don’t want to turn away from. Various spectators have aired their disrespect for Charlie Sheen’s actions in respect of boasting about his supernatural abilities. Whereas some feel that CBS took the right direction in stopping the production of the shows for his utterances, others feel that Sheen’s actions related to the abuse of several women is the greater sin. I personally thought Charlie Sheen was made for this role and vice versa considering the spring board from when he replaced Michael J Fox in Spin City. I was sad to see Michael Fox leave but became quickly sold on the very first episode with Charlie Sheen as was most of America. You saw it there in his Spin City Charlie Crawford role which developed into his Charlie Harper role which just maybe was the real life problem of Charlie Sheen trying to live up to his on screen persona. Wholesome and naà ¯ve TV sitcoms themselves from Father Knows Best and Leave it to Beaver have grown and matured and even festered over the many years since the 19 50s and we can see that same festering path in Charlie Sheen’s life.

John lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

John lewis - Essay Example Through analysis it is found that there are only three to four factors that distinguish the market winners from the market qualifiers. Whereas in case of market qualifiers there are eight to nine factors. The market qualifiers and the market winners are also analysed with the different types of customer segments. The analysis indicates that customers who are considered as premium class are found to favour more the factors which are related to aspects aesthetic of the products, their quality, reliability and other factors like durability and serviceability. The analyses of the operational aspects indicate other processing time of the requests, there are as no other issues. Due to significantly long processing time the company is losing the loyal customers. This is the same reason for which the company is incurring significantly high cost per lead in the case of standard customers. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Analysis of the strategic and operational issues 6 Analysis of the strat egic issues 6 Analysis of the operational issues 10 Service delivery system used by John Lewis 10 Infrastructure used 11 Support to the market 12 Findings and conclusions 13 Reference List 14 Introduction John Lewis is a departmental store situated in London. ... Table 1: Market capitalization AEON Stores (Hong Kong) 3.82B Allied Consolidated Ltd 1.44M Alon Blue Square Israel Ltd 261.18M Arcandor AG 2.52M Arunjyoti Enterprises Ltd. 48.01M Ashley (Laura) Holdings PLC 18.13B Ashley (Laura) Holdings PLC NA Beale PLC 236.04M Belk Inc. 2.03B Bombay Swadeshi Stores Ltd. 99.16M Bon-Ton Stores Inc. 408.91M Briscoe Group Limited 519.58M C.P. Lotus Corporation 4.22B Century Ginwa Retail 2.23B China Resources NA China Seven Star Shopping Ltd. 175.87M China Seven Star Shopping Ltd. NA Convenience Retail Asia Ltd. NA David Jones Limited 1.31B David Jones Limited NA John Lewis 2.5B Source: (Chrol, 2011) The above table indicates that these are the major competitors of John Lewis. The major competitors are chosen on the basis of the size of the competitors. The competitors denoted above have more or less the same size in terms of asset. John Lewis serves to wide range of customers. The different types of customers and their respective percentages are repres ented in the graph below. The types of customers are denoted by the types of products and types of services. Fig 2: Division of customer segment Source: (Bajaj, 2001) The customer segment is denoted with 7 different segments. The highest number of factors is found across the electrical appliances sector due the fact that the data are taken from the quarterly sales. Due to non-availability of the sales figures for the different types of products and services on an annual basis, only the quarterly sales figures are considered. Analysis of the strategic and operational issues The strategic issues of the operations of John Lewis are analysed by identifying the customers and the market supplied by the

Discuss the importance of Emptiness in swordsmanship Essay

Discuss the importance of Emptiness in swordsmanship - Essay Example The mind enters into a state of emptiness. This state of emptiness is akin to a cup which is empty, ready to be filled. It is a force that is boundless and forms the mind facet that is central to the practitioner of kendo, and which the practitioner will experience during practice. The importance of emptiness can not be over stressed. It is of significance importance that one conquers the disturbance that is inside him, since fear arises within the body of oneself. Then, the swordsman is ready to face opponents (Westgeest 65). Mushin, or emptiness, extricates all concerns that are extraneous, focusing the body, mind, spirit and the moment, and allows all to function in a harmony that is fluid. This allows transformation of these entities, usually separate, into an action that is unitary in form and purpose (Westgeest 65). This spiritual and mental development accompanying kendo study has remained, passed on from one generation to another, mostly of warriors. Emptiness can trace its roots in Zen Buddhism, where meditation of monks involved a similar act of emptiness during prayer. It is thus not surprising to note that the code of swordsmen, known as Bushido, has its roots in Zen Buddhism and also in Shintoism. Shintoism is another root factor in the development of emptiness in

John lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

John lewis - Essay Example Through analysis it is found that there are only three to four factors that distinguish the market winners from the market qualifiers. Whereas in case of market qualifiers there are eight to nine factors. The market qualifiers and the market winners are also analysed with the different types of customer segments. The analysis indicates that customers who are considered as premium class are found to favour more the factors which are related to aspects aesthetic of the products, their quality, reliability and other factors like durability and serviceability. The analyses of the operational aspects indicate other processing time of the requests, there are as no other issues. Due to significantly long processing time the company is losing the loyal customers. This is the same reason for which the company is incurring significantly high cost per lead in the case of standard customers. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Analysis of the strategic and operational issues 6 Analysis of the strat egic issues 6 Analysis of the operational issues 10 Service delivery system used by John Lewis 10 Infrastructure used 11 Support to the market 12 Findings and conclusions 13 Reference List 14 Introduction John Lewis is a departmental store situated in London. ... Table 1: Market capitalization AEON Stores (Hong Kong) 3.82B Allied Consolidated Ltd 1.44M Alon Blue Square Israel Ltd 261.18M Arcandor AG 2.52M Arunjyoti Enterprises Ltd. 48.01M Ashley (Laura) Holdings PLC 18.13B Ashley (Laura) Holdings PLC NA Beale PLC 236.04M Belk Inc. 2.03B Bombay Swadeshi Stores Ltd. 99.16M Bon-Ton Stores Inc. 408.91M Briscoe Group Limited 519.58M C.P. Lotus Corporation 4.22B Century Ginwa Retail 2.23B China Resources NA China Seven Star Shopping Ltd. 175.87M China Seven Star Shopping Ltd. NA Convenience Retail Asia Ltd. NA David Jones Limited 1.31B David Jones Limited NA John Lewis 2.5B Source: (Chrol, 2011) The above table indicates that these are the major competitors of John Lewis. The major competitors are chosen on the basis of the size of the competitors. The competitors denoted above have more or less the same size in terms of asset. John Lewis serves to wide range of customers. The different types of customers and their respective percentages are repres ented in the graph below. The types of customers are denoted by the types of products and types of services. Fig 2: Division of customer segment Source: (Bajaj, 2001) The customer segment is denoted with 7 different segments. The highest number of factors is found across the electrical appliances sector due the fact that the data are taken from the quarterly sales. Due to non-availability of the sales figures for the different types of products and services on an annual basis, only the quarterly sales figures are considered. Analysis of the strategic and operational issues The strategic issues of the operations of John Lewis are analysed by identifying the customers and the market supplied by the

Sainsbury's analysis and valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sainsbury's analysis and valuation - Essay Example It generated ?131 million PBT in 2010. 4- Sainsbury’s banking which is the result of a joint venture with Lloyds bank. It created such services as insurances, credit cards and loans and generated ?7 million PBT in 2010(j.Sainsbury our business 2011). According to J.Sainsbury RAQs (2011), there are different competitors of Sainsbury for each of its areas. For example, for supermarket, which is the biggest activity in the company, competitors are Tesco, Marks & Spencer and Morrison. However, the competitors for banking service are the traditional high street banks, Tesco and M&S financial services, Egg, MNA, Capital one, Direct Line and Cahoot. This paper will analyze the Sainsbury Company through a look into its macroeconomic environment, industry, five forces model, business model, and financial conditions. Business investors may use the recommendation made in this paper to see whether to buy, sell or hold Sainsbury’s share. Macroeconomic Environment: Interest Rate and Inflation Rate UK interest rate in March’ 2011 had been registered at 0.5% which is a record low (BBC, 2011). In February 2011, inflation rate of UK rose to 4.4% (BBC, 2011). Interest rate has a major impact on time value of money. Changes in the rate of inflation generally result in alterations in the interest rate. These two factors are the key factors employed in the decision making for investment since they have a direct impact upon the ‘investment yield’. In case of UK, the record low interest rate will support the investment on shares. Rising interest rates retard the growth of inflation. Lower rate of interest increases the borrowing from businesses, which can have an impact on Sainsbury’s. This can make investment in durable consumer goods products such as automobiles, capital equipments and buildings appealing. The lower rate of interest can also affect the value of currency by making the currency weak. This can in turn enhance the market value of Sainsbury’s for the foreign purchasers. This will also help to increase the profitability of the company (Economy Watch, 2009). Rise in inflation rate coincides with the increase in cost of fuel, food and clothing items. Rise in inflation generally takes place due to increase in wholesale price index, which can have an effect on retail spending of a consumer and can weaken the consumer demand. Inflation rise also increases prices of products and VAT (value added tax) on a product that generally affects the sales volume. Factors like high level of inflation, subdued growth of wage and indecisive economic viewpoint generally reflect in terms of consumer spending. Therefore, the inflationary scenario in the UK can have a big impact of the sales and profitability of Sainsbury (RTE News, 2001). 1-PEST analysis: Political According to Lawrence (2010a), the government intends to limit the role of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and remove the ‘traffic light’ food label ing system, which has long been opposed by leading supermarkets like Tesco. As a result, the food industry will face little to no regulation for self and voluntary regulation (Lawrence 2010b). Leading supermarkets will have a ‘strong presence’ as far as accompanying the government on the forming of new

Aims And Objectives Essay Example for Free

Aims And Objectives Essay Aim:To create a marketing plan to acquire new customers; primarily students and increase market share. Pamper Me has a large client base but is lacking student consumers. This marketing plan will offer marketing objectives and strategies in order to increase this market share. Pamper Me is not situated on a ‘regular walk to university’ so innovative and strategic recommendations will be required for successful delivery. Objectives: Research and analyse the current customer base to determine the student : non-student ratio Research will be carried out via interviews with current employees and questionnaires to potential customers Discover student salon-usage trends, with regards to amount of students as a percentage of the whole, and their salon preferences Once the questionnaires have been completed the data will be collated and analysed. This acquired primary data will give us an insight student trends and insight into the most effective marketing strategy Research/Discover from students, what their wants/needs are from a salon Pamper Me may not currently be meeting the needs of the desired student consumers. Collated data from primary and secondary research will advise us on how to increase the number of students using this salon Define main competitors to the business and map out their market physical positioning Primary and Secondary research will be carried out in the area surrounding Pamper Me in order to locate the competition. The marketing plan may suggest to mirror competitor strategies if these seem to increasing the student percentage of consumers. Analyse current marketing strategies with a view to creating a new and improved strategy Current marketing strategies in place by Amara may not be sufficent or beneficial to Pamper Me. A new approach may be needed and it is vital that  all employees understand the new strategies once they are in place. To create or identify a Unique Selling Point (USP) for the business based on their expertise and specialties Currently Pamper Me’s USP is that it provides private and noninvasive treatment rooms for religious women. This isnt widely know by the community so a recommendation must be suggesting in order to increase the awareness of this. Religious students may not know that there is a salon the adheres to their faithful rules. Implement a marketing strategy that can inform and attract students to the salon We must research and analyses what inspires students to spend money on beauty treatments. As students dont have a high level of disposable income it is important to implement a marketing plan that is constructive and beneficial for students.

Baruch Spinoza :: History

Baruch Spinoza The task of simply just surviving is for most of us a handful in itself in this life. However, only a few in a life time choose not to be satisfied with only just survival rather they assume the yoke of redefining life for themselves and for others. In philosophy of religion, pantheism is usually in conflict with traditional religious authority, which claims that the pantheistic belief is nothing more than a blasphemous form of idolatrous worship. A man by the name Benedictus (Baruch) Spinoza took it upon his shoulders to construct an explainable theory of this deistic belief and as a result earned the name of the father of Pantheism. I, George Meza, had the privilege of investigating the life of this rational genius as he struggled along the path of enlightenment in a society that was as different to him as his theory of ethics was to the Synagogue and the Church. Spinoza’s works ranged from the political to the theistic, from the mathematical, to even the intellectual. I ask the question what trials and troubles in the life of Baruch Spinoza could birth such a passion for what was known at the time as heretical theology. What was the impact of Spinoza’s work on our technologically advanced society that has put aside terms such as G-d and ethic and has attempted to redefine the term free will? The Spinoza family arrived in Amsterdam, via Portugal in 1498, due to persecution the family decided to go by the name Spinoza. Baruch’s father and grandfather were originally Spanish crypto-Jews -- that is, Jews who were forced to adopt Christianity in post-Islamic Spain, but secretly remained Jewish, Spinoza's parents had died when he was quite young, I believe that this was a major influence on his later work. His father Michael died when he was 21; Baruch Spinoza was born in the Amsterdam quarter of Vloedenburg (now Waterlooplein quarter), Holland in November 24, 1632. What most people don’t know is that Spinoza was born to a traditional observant Jewish home and the foundation of his theories had traditional Judaism as its backbone. As historian Paul Johnson once said, â€Å"Judaism is a highly efficient social machine for the production of intellectuals†. When Queen Isabel and King Ferdinand initiated the inquisition in 1492, Jews had to find a new place of residence that would tolerate their social and religious differences.

Vouchers and School Choice - Vouchers are Not the Solution Essay

School Vouchers: Not the Solution       As standardized test scores continue to plummet and our nation falls farther behind such industrial rivals as Germany, England, Australia and Japan in comparable education, parents are questioning the current system of education. After being kicked around the national agenda for decades, the school voucher issue is finally being emphasized in several state legislatures, as well as in Congress. In the website titled "Vouchers: No, but...Taxpayer Help to Parents will Advance Separation", David Bahurlich reinforces his support of school vouchers, both publicly and privately funded, in an attempt to show that vouchers will lead to a better quality of education for the children in our school system today. Although I agree with the goals he thinks this will accomplish, I do not think vouchers to be the most effective manner of accomplishing them.    There are two possible forms the voucher system that is being advocated could take. The first involves matching vouchers in which local businesses provide half of the money for the education of each child and parents match this amount, dollar for dollar ("Privately Funded"). The second form is the one being pushed for the strongest on the national level, public school vouchers. In this system the parents will be given an Educational Performance Grant (EPG) for each child, which can be spent on that child's education in either a private or parochial school, in a different public school system, or on something else entirely. Idealistically, this would force the public institutions to compete for the best students and for funding, leading to a better quality of education ("Freedom Lovers", "Vouchers"). The EPGs would be created by allotting ea... ...eries" February 25, 1997 (http://www.weac.org/resource/nov96/vouchers.html) "Freedom Lovers For Tax-Funded Vouchers" February 25, 1997 (http://www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n6/favors.html) "Interview with David R. Henderson" February 25, 1997 (http://www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n6/squirm.html) "Privately Funded School Vouchers" February 25, 1997 (http://www.cbn.org/news/stories/vouchers.html) "Recent Education Publications" February 25, 1997 (http://www.rand.org/publications/RRR/RRR.winter945education/ Recent_Education.html) "Short Takes on Vouchers" February 25, 1997 (http://www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n8/shorts.html) "Vouchers: No, but...Taxpayer Help to Parents will Advance Separation" rebuttals by David Bahurlich February 25, 1997 (http://www.sepschool.org/edlib/v2n8/advance.html)    Back to the Main Page My Knees are Shaking   

Economic Challenges In Health Care Health And Social Care Essay

This paper explores the uninsured and underinsured job that is known in America. It talks about perplexing statistics sing these two issues. Another subject discussed is the Health Care Reform measure and asks why America is so opposed to such a good alteration. The chief focal point of this paper is on California and more specifically San Mateo County. Discussed are province and county wellness benefits along with one of San Mateo County ‘s largest wellness system Mills-Peninsula Health Services, which is a Sutter Health affiliate.Economic Challenges in Health CareToday, wellness attention is at the top of societal and economic issues that are faced by Americans. Medical attention and insurance costs are on the rise and are impacting the support of a huge bulk of Americans. Americans are being faced with the inability to pay for medical attention that is needed. In the whole image this is non merely impacting the uninsured but Americans with wellness insurance are besides affe cted. The province of California has high Numberss of people that are uninsured or underinsured. California has different plans in topographic point to help the general populace that is missing equal wellness coverage and besides aids those with no coverage. California has province and county plans to assist with the load of non holding insurance and it besides helps supplement occupants who are underinsured. Medi-Cal is one of the most accessed plans by the occupants of California. The county of San Mateo is one of the larger counties in California and holds some of the highest Numberss of underinsured and uninsured people of the province. This county has plans set in topographic point that will assist with those who qualify. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, one of the largest wellness systems in the county, besides provides aid for those who are underinsured and/or uninsured. Mill-Peninsula Medical Services is a portion of the Sutter Health System, which is a not-for-profit organ isation that is community based. Mills-Peninsula is at that place for the community and for people who need wellness attention that can non afford it at other installations. When looking at all of the Numberss and statistics, why does America non desire the Health Care Reform? The Health attention Reform will offer legion benefits to America. Americans need to be able to swear their authorities and necessitate to be assured that the authorities is making what is best for the United States.-I think you should interrupt this immense paragraph into a few smaller 1s. Seems like it is all running together but needs some differentiation. Underinsured are those in the population who have wellness insurance but still have fiscal troubles paying for their wellness attention demands. Underinsured persons are faced with lifting wellness attention premiums, deductibles, and copayments every bit good as their insurance programs holding restrictions for assorted services. Underinsured persons may be besides faced with higher out-of-pocket disbursals. The United States is get downing to be known as a state with the worst wellness attention systems in the universe. The United States does non supply any kind of cosmopolitan wellness attention for its citizens and besides has one of the highest rates of wellness attention expenditures. The following are facts harmonizing to wellness attention statistics: In 2007, about 50 million Americans did non hold wellness insurance, while another 25 million were underinsured. The sum people pay for wellness insurance increased 30 per centum from 2001 to 2005, while income for the same period of clip merely increased 3 per centum. The entire one-year premium for a typical household wellness insurance program offered by employers was $ 12,680 in 2008. Health attention expenditures in the United States exceed $ 2 trillion a twelvemonth. In comparing, the federal budget is $ 3 trillion a twelvemonth. The figure of people who are underinsured has grown 60 per centum to 25 million over the past four old ages. The fastest turning section of the underinsured is the in-between and upper income households ( Health attention statistics 2011 ) . In the population of the uninsured, an estimated ten per centum of kids and striplings still remain uninsured, about eight million. Research has been conducted and its consequences have shown that 20 per centum of kids and striplings will hold a diagnosable mental or substance usage status each twelvemonth, which in Numberss is about 1.6 million. The figure of grownups who are uninsured is about 20 per centum of Americans, which is 37 million people under the age of 65 ( Manderscheid, 2011 ) . These Numberss are being shown higher due to the American unemployment rate. It is expected to turn every bit long as the unemployment Numberss stay increased. Statistically by cultural beginning, 19.6 per centum of African-Americans and 32.7 per centum of Hispanics are uninsured while the White, non-Hispanic population merely account for 11.3 per centum ( Manderscheid, 2011 ) . While those Numberss are merely demoing the population that is without insurance the following class to be discussed is Americans who have insurance but are underinsured. Approximately 50 per centum of kids and striplings are underinsured, 40 million in Numberss ( Manderscheid, 2011 ) . Adults under the age of 65 are frequently underinsured by Medicare and Medicaid due to certain restrictions. For the one-hundred million grownups who have insurance through private suppliers, being underinsured is a job for about six million of them ( Manderscheid, 2011 ) . It is easy to see why people are uninsured due to the fact they either do non take to hold a wellness program or they can non afford to hold a medical wellness program. Looking into why people are underinsured includes many factors. Some grounds for being underinsured include but are non limited to employers non holding group insurance offered to their employees. Another ground is wellness benefits being excessively expensive, therefore persons can non afford programs. Although persons may measure up for province insurance, their portion of cost may be excessively expensive. Underinsured persons include people who are insured all twelvemonth but have at least one of the undermentioned qualifiers: medical disbursals greater than ten per centum of one-year income, an one-year income less than two-hundred per centum of the federal poorness degree and medical disbursals greater than five per centum of one-year income, wellness program deductibles equal to or greater than five per centum of one-year income ( Nunley, MD, 2008 ) . The undermentioned are known facts about underinsured Americans: About 16 million grownups with full-year coverage were underinsured in 2003. One out of every three grownups in the United States is either uninsured or underinsured. Underinsured grownups are more likely than those with more equal coverage to face hold programs with higher cost- sharing characteristics, program bounds, and more restrictive benefits. Despite their more limited coverage, underinsured grownups frequently incur high out-of-pocket costs. One-third of the underinsured rated their insurance negatively, approximately double the rate of those with more equal insurance. The underinsured are more likely than those with more equal coverage to be insured by beginnings other than employer-based programs than those with more equal coverage ( Nunley, MD, 2008 ) . These statistics are perplexing. It is dismaying to conceive of these types of Numberss to be true. One would ne'er believe that here in America, the citizens are traveling without equal wellness attention needs because of being uninsured and/or underinsured. With these scaring Numberss and statistics shown above, one would believe that the American leaders would be stepping in to assist modulate the wellness attention demands of their people. It is known that when these wellness attention measures are non being paid it is increasing the cost of wellness attention in America as a whole. If a infirmary and/or clinic is non having money due to Americans being unable to pay their medical measures, so in fact, wellness installations will necessitate to increase costs for those who can afford wellness attention so the installation, itself can remain afloat. Health attention reform was set into drama by United States President Barack Obama to offer the population to have wellness attention benefits. The ideal ground for the Health Care Reform is to diminish the cost of wellness attention in America. There are many people who are against this. The logical thinking is so simple to see with all of the benefits that it has to offer. So why non take advantage of this? A great intelligence publication was done by MSNBC where polls were taken on the positions of Americans. A inquiry that was asked was â€Å" do you believe the authorities should remain out of Medicare? ( Schuster, August 20, 2010 ) † Thirty-nine per centum of Americans said â€Å" Yes † to this inquiry, but why? Why do Americans truly believe that the authorities should remain out of this? Of those 39 per centum of Americans, do they non already cognize that Medicare is already a authorities remunerator plan? We all are already paying revenue enhancements to hold Medicare. America to a point must be misinformed or non even cognize what Medicare truly is. The inquiry that made an oculus gap experience is that 54 per centum of people who took this study thought that if wellness attention was reformed it would take to authorities take over. Peoples in America must be opposed to alter. There are no words stated in the measure that should of all time take to a authorities return over. When looking at other states that have cosmopolitan wellness attention, it is really successful. People sense alteration and do non desire to listen to the facts of what benefits this will offer to America. Another ground many American citizens are concerned with wellness attention reform is that they are scared of a authorities decease panel. Forty-five per centum of people who were surveyed thought that the Health Care Reform would really bespeak that the authorities would hold a say ( Schuster, August 20, 2010 ) . This in all actuality would non be a bad thought. Should a revenue enhancement remunerator be responsible to hold to pay for person whose household members want to maintain them on life support? If there are known facts that a patient is encephalon dead and there are no other options so yes, why non hold a panel that decides this? If America wants to maintain their wellness attention monetary values low so there does necessitate to be boundaries set. The measure, though, does non province any kind of a decease panel. Why is America so afraid of this so? Some Americans feel that they have been misinformed about old determinations and now some are unsure for this new alteration. Harmonizing to some of these statistics, this could be the job. America needs to be able to confront alteration and assure themselves that this is the best option. Harmonizing to the measure, the cost will be $ 940 billion dollars over 10 old ages. In twenty old ages this will cut down our shortage by $ 1.2 trillion dollars ( Jackson, 2010 ) . The measure states that no wellness attention coverage would cover abortions ( Jackson, 2010 ) . Some Americans believe that this will be covered but why do they believe this when it has been clearly lined out in the measure. Since the twelvemonth of 2000, California has had a big addition in the per centums of people who are uninsured. Almost one tierce of the uninsured have household incomes of more than $ 50,000 per twelvemonth. In the province of California more than 60 per centum of the uninsured populations are Latino. California has the 6th largest proportion of uninsured in the state and the largest entire figure of uninsured ( Fronstin, 2010 ) . California has 32.5 million in the entire population of the province. In those entire Numberss 6.8 million are uninsured occupants. This figure shows that there is a entire of 21 per centum of California occupants that do non transport any kind of wellness coverage. Over the past few old ages, Medi-Cal has helped countervail such worsening Numberss in California occupants non holding insurance but it is non available to everyone ; hence, it is difficult for the occupants to hold linkage to measure up for this province wellness plan. A terrific fact stated by Fronstin is that â€Å" California has a higher proportion of uninsured occupants and lower rates of employer-based coverage than the state as a whole † ( Fronstin, 2010 ) . In the province of California, one in five households that have an income between $ 50,000- $ 74,999 rely on some kind of public aid that is offered through the province or the county that the persons reside in. Research has shown that approximately 10 per centum of Californians with household incomes above $ 75,000 are without wellness insurance ( Fronstin, 2010 ) . This is why California needs to and does supply some kind of wellness aid for the occupants. The following tabular array defines the different province plans that are available to the uninsured and underinsured occupants in the province of California:Types of ProgramsDescriptionsAccess for Infants and Mothers ( AIM Program ) This is a plan that is province funded with low cost wellness insurance for low to middle income pregnant adult females and their neonates. CaliforniaKids This is a wellness attention foundation that provides subsidised wellness attention services to people of the ages 2-18. California Children ‘s Services ( CCS ) CCS is a province funded plan that treats kids with certain wellness and disablement jobs. County Medical Services Program ( CMSP ) CMSP is a county plan that helps people between the ages of 21-64. Merely certain California counties offer this plan. Family Pact Family treaty is a plan for planning and generative services. Healthy Families Health Families is a province plan that offers low cost wellness and dental insurance for kids in low income households. Medi-Cal Medi-Cal is a province and federal plan that is provided to people who qualify because of low or no income and/or for dearly-won disablements. RX Help for CA This is a plan for persons who do non hold prescription drug coverage. – ( Help for the uninsured, 2010 ) California offers many plans as shown. Medi-Cal is the largest plan that is accessed by the occupants. Medi-Cal helps many occupants of California wage for wellness attention services. This is both federally and province funded. The Medi-Cal plan is supported by federal and province revenue enhancements. To measure up for Medi-Cal the occupants of California must be under the age of 21 or over the age of 65 to measure up for Medi-Cal. If the applier applying is a married twosome ( one of the persons must be absent, deceased, temporarily or for good disabled, unemployed and/or working less than 100 hours per month ) they will merely associate if there is a minor kid in the family. Besides, any individual that may measure up for Medi-Cal regardless of age are those that are lawfully blind or are disabled and unable to work for a uninterrupted 12 months. Furthermore, if a individual has been assaulted and has pressed charges on the individual who committed the assault against them they will besides hold linkage for Medi-Cal. Since Medi-Cal is a federal/state funded plan, it does hold regulations and guidelines for the people desiring to entree it. Anyone using for Medi-Cal can non hold property/assets over two-thousand dollars. The province will reexamine assets for appliers by sing look intoing histories, nest eggs histories, stocks, bonds, 401K ‘S, retirement financess, places and vehicles as belongings. Each family gets one vehicle and one house exempt for belongings and besides anything that is considered an irrevokable trust. If the belongings is over $ 2000 a spend-down procedure will be required. If the family income is over a certain sum accounting for each income in the family there will be a portion of cost to hold Medi-Cal. If one is seeking long term attention, where one member of the family needs to populate in a long term attention installation and one partner is populating in the place, $ 111,560.00 is exempt for property/assets. Not everyone qualifies for Medi-Cal but is it available for the occupants who need this type of attention program and measure up for the linkage. In the province of California, there are over five million occupants that receive Medi-Cal. A true fact about Medi-Cal is that people do non even have to be United States Citizens to have these benefits. Some people who are having this aid are non even legal occupants in the United States. The undermentioned graphs show the Population Distribution by Ethnicity, Population Distribution by Language ( Primary Speaking Language ) and Population Distribution by Citizenship Status that have been compiled by the State of California. – ( Population Distribution by Ethnicity, January 2010 ) – ( Population Distribution by Ethnicity, January 2010 ) – ( Population Distribution by Citizenship Status, January 2010 ) After analyzing these graphs it clearly states the high use of Medi-Cal by linguistic communication, ethnicity and citizenship. The graph about citizenship shows that a individual can populate in the province of California and have Medi-Cal undocumented. Why the inquiry is asked about California traveling insolvent. California gives province and federal plans to undocumented foreigners. Counties in California besides contribute to the wellness attention system. San Mateo County is the 14th largest county in California. County broad there is a entire population of 754,285 people. San Mateo County offers six different plans to its occupants. These plans are Medi-Cal, CareAdvantage, HealthWorx, San Mateo Access and Care for Everyone ( ACE ) , Healthy Families, and Healthy Kids. The following table defines each:PlanDescriptionMedi-Cal Medi-Cal is for those who are ages 21 and younger and for those over the age of 65. Besides, those with disablements qualify for Medi-Cal. There are other regulations and judicial admissions that are involved in this plan. CareAdvantage CareAdvantage is a plan which combines Medicare and Medi-Cal benefits into one simple program. HealthWorx HealthWorx is for certain excess aid employees that are employed by San Mateo County, it is for In-Home Supportive Services ( IHSS ) workers employed by the San Mateo County Public Authority and for certain parttime employees of the City of San Mateo. San Mateo Access and Care for Everyone ( ACE ) San Mateo ACE is a plan for grownups age 21 through 64 who are non eligible for other province and federal insurance plans. The appliers must populate in San Mateo County, and have low-income. Legal residence position is required for ACE. Healthy Families Healthy Families is for uninsured kids from birth to age 19 who are non eligible for full range Medi-Cal or Healthy Kids. Eligibility depends on kid ‘s age, household size and income. United States citizenship or legal residence is besides required for this plan. Healthy Childs Healthy Kids is for uninsured kids from birth to age 19 who are non eligible for Medi-Cal and Healthy Families. Immigration position does non impact eligibility for Healthy Kids. Eligibility depends on household income. Families must populate in San Mateo County. Children are required to hold been uninsured for six months in order to measure up. In the county, 92,272 occupants benefit from one of these plans which are about one-seventh of the population. A huge bulk of occupants enrolled in these plans are Spanish talking merely. San Mateo County has great benefits for its occupants in demand and besides has a great not-for-profit infirmary that offers farther aid to those in demand and that do non measure up for any of these plans or may be uninsured or underinsured. Sutter Health was created in January 2006, when the amalgamation of Sacramento Mills-Peninsula Medical Services and California Health attention System decided to do a alteration in the wellness attention systems in California. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services is known as a non for net income organisation. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services is community owned, which has been thought to function the best for the patient ‘s demands and besides the communities in general. It is a known fact that patients treated at a for-profit or authorities owned infirmary are two to four times more likely to endure from a preventable inauspicious consequence than a patient who is treated at not-for-profit organisations ( Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, 2011 ) . The shareholders for Mills-Peninsula Medical Services are the communities. A great benefit to this is that at for-profit wellness systems have fiscal inducements to avoid caring for the uninsured and underinsured patients. They besides have a fiscal inducement to avoid difficult to function populations and unwanted geographic countries such as rural countries. In many of Northern California ‘s underserved rural venues, Mills-Peninsula Medical Services is the lone supplier of infirmary and exigency medical services in the community ( Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, 2011 ) . Mills-Peninsula Medical Services provides charity attention and particular plans to communities. The support of the community helps the organisation expand services, introduce new plans and better medical engineering. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services receives its support by federal grants, medical charities, medical insurance, and patients paying their measures. Due to the fact that there are many patients who are uninsured and who ca n't pay at that place measures, the ground for necessitating grants and charities are a important benefit for the wellness organisation. There have been generous contributions donated to the Mills-Peninsula Medical Services organisation ( Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, 2011 ) . Runing a not-for-profit organisation is entirely depended on its community. Mills-Peninsula Medical Services has given back on everything to its community since this is where the most financess are coming from. When the communities who are involved with the organisation dedicate themselves to those services the organisation in return can assist the communities by maintain up with the latest engineering, new accomplishments, and acquire the right specializer for the demands of all patients to see that the organisation is supplying the greatest wellness attention that is out at that place. Economic challenges in wellness attention affect the United States greatly. Uninsured and underinsured people mostly impact the societal and economical issues that are faced non merely in the province of California but besides in America. With America ‘s unemployment rates at its highest, it besides affects why citizens are populating with out run intoing their medical demands. Without the province of California supplying some kind of public aid to its occupants, these Numberss could be higher and have an even greater impact on the province than what they presently do. It is great that the Sutter Health affiliate, Mills-Peninsula Medical Services, a not-for-profit organisation besides provides support for the uninsured and underinsured occupants of San Mateo County. At this clip, the United States needs to implement some kind of aid to assist with run intoing all wellness attention demands for all persons or the figure and statistics that have been shown will maintain turning v astly.